Most ( n, p ) reactions have threshold neutron energies below which the reaction can not take place as a result of the charged particle in the exit channel requiring energy ( usually more than a MeV ) to overcome the Coulomb barrier experienced by the emitted proton.
32.
The LISE + + package includes configuration files fusion evaporation, fusion fission, Coulomb fission, abrasion fission and two body nuclear reactions models are included in this program and can be used as the production reaction mechanism to simulate experiments at beam energies above the Coulomb barrier.
33.
For high-energy delivery, the drift tube linac ( DTL ) beam is deflected north along an S-bend transfer line to the ISAC-II superconducting linear accelerator ( SC-linac ) for acceleration above the Coulomb barrier ( 5 11 MeV / u ).
34.
All these reactions have a very low rate at the temperatures and densities in stars and therefore do not contribute significantly to a star's energy production; with elements heavier than neon ( atomic number > 10 ), they occur even less easily due to the increasing Coulomb barrier.
35.
As the deuteron approaches the target nucleus, the positive charge is repelled by the electrostatic field until, assuming the incident energy is not sufficient for it to surmount the barrier, the " proton end " approaches to a minimum distance having climbed the Coulomb barrier as far as it can.
36.
Although there are a number of ways to do this, the simplest is to simply heat the gas mixture, which, according to the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution, will result in a small number of particles with the required energy even when the gas as a whole is relatively " cool " compared to the Coulomb barrier energy.
37.
Understanding that protons " do " repel each other, except at very small distances, also helps make sense of why nuclear fusion is so hard you have to get the protons close enough to each other for the nuclear force to win out over the electromagnetic force ( the Coulomb barrier illustratedtalk ) 14 : 54, 16 October 2012 ( UTC)
38.
Once the muonic molecular ion state is formed, the shielding by the muon of the positive charges of the proton of the triton and the proton of the deuteron from each other allows the triton and the deuteron to tunnel through the coulomb barrier in time span of order of a nanosecond The muon survives the d-t muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction and remains available ( usually ) to catalyze further d-t muon-catalyzed nuclear fusions.
39.
I think I get most of it though I'm having trouble making use of some of the pages ( i . e . Coulomb barrier ) which seems to require a lot more knowledge of quantum mechanics than I have to even use it ( i . e . knowing what " permittivity of free space " means, which even when I click on it is written in 100 % technical language ) .-- 24.147.86.187 00 : 35, 26 May 2007 ( UTC)
40.
However, as proton captures are inhibited by the Coulomb barrier, the cross sections for those charged-particle reactions at lower energies are greatly suppressed, and in the higher energy regimes where proton captures have a large probability to occur, there is often a competition between the proton capture and the photodisintegration that occurs in explosive hydrogen burning; but because the proton drip line is relatively much closer to the valley of beta-stability than is the neutron drip line, nucleosynthesis in some environments may proceed as far as either nucleon drip line.
