| 31. | F is the Fermi coupling constant.
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| 32. | In classical field theory, such as gauge theory in four-dimensional spacetime, the coupling constant is a dimensionless constant.
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| 33. | Because the magnitude of interaction is the same the splitting would have the same coupling constant 7 Hz apart.
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| 34. | There is a remarkable infrared fixed point of the coupling constants that determine the masses of very heavy quarks.
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| 35. | They also argued that in asymptotically free theories the dynamically generated masses never depend analytically on the coupling constants.
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| 36. | The strong force is extremely nonlinear : the gluons have color charge and the coupling constant is very large.
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| 37. | Hence a " dependence of a certain coupling constant ( here, the electric charge ) with distance scale ".
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| 38. | A renormalization scale must be introduced in the process, and the coupling constant and mass become dependent upon it.
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| 39. | The strength with which the particles of this theory interact is measured by a number called the coupling constant.
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| 40. | For the latter two cases, the scale of the interaction is such as the strong coupling constant is large.
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