The movement of the piston rotates the crank shaft . The remaining mechanical components such as the differential, axles and wheels form the power transmission mechanism that directs the power from the engine into friction forces on the road to move the automobile.
32.
Mint machinery was installed in 1837, which included " cutting presses, a fly wheel, a drawing frame, a crank shaft, a coining press, and eighteen annealing pans . " The coining press could make " fifty to sixty gold coins per minute ."
33.
The affordable electricity retail price ( 860 kcal / kWh at 75 % input electricity to shaft power efficiency ) to replace diesel ( lower heating value 8572 kcal / litre at 40 % fuel energy to crank shaft efficiency ) is 9.97 Rs / kWh.
34.
In more recent times most aircraft engines for general aviation ( light airplanes ) are naturally aspirated, but the smaller number of modern aviation piston engines designed to run at high altitudes use turbocharger or turbo-normalizer systems, instead of a supercharger driven from the crank shafts.
35.
The affordable electricity retail price ( 860 kcal / kWh at 75 % input electricity to shaft power efficiency ) to replace petrol ( lower heating value 7693 kcal / litre at 33 % fuel energy to crank shaft efficiency ) is 19.06 Rs / kWh.
36.
Vertical force is transmitted from the opposed trunk style pistons to either an upper or lower crankshaft . The two crank shafts are geared together by a vertical drive shaft . Pistons are removed by either removing the top crankshaft, and removing from the top, or by removing through the lower crank case access doors.
37.
The key advantage of the axial design is that the cylinders are arranged in parallel around the output / crank shaft in contrast to radial and inline engines, both types having cylinders at right angles to the shaft . As a result, it is a very compact, cylindrical engine, allowing variation in compression ratio of the engine while running.
38.
The motor was the P engine, a inline overhead-valve six-cylinder, featuring bathtub-shaped combustion chambers and a fully balanced seven-bearing crank shaft . With two doors in front and one at the back and four seats ( driver, and companion in front, two parallel back seats ), the extra long wheelbase version ( the H60 ) was available with eight-passenger capacity.
39.
While some small single-cylinder engines have only one main bearing, designed to deal with the bending moment exerted by the crank as a result of the force from the connecting rod, most engines have at least two main bearings, one at each end of the crank shaft and may have as many as one more than the number of crank pins.
40.
"It's too risky and expensive to try new tools or methods if you have to build prototype hardware to test every change, " said Rani Agarwal Finstad, director of manufacturing math-based systems for GM Powertrain, a manufacturer of car components that recently used simulation software to squeeze a month out of the process of programming robots to machine new crank shafts.
