With bacterial crown rot affecting approximately 800 hectares of papaya on the Malaysian Peninsula alone ( Maktar " et al . " 2008 ), this results in a huge loss in profit for the agricultural industry.
32.
Although " Erwinia papayae " has been known to survive on leaves of cowpea, tomato, and rockmelon for a minimum of two weeks, the host range of bacterial crown rot is confined to papaya ( Webb 1985 ).
33.
Similarly to apple trees, crown rots of strawberries caused by " P . cactorum " can be partially diagnosed by cutting the crown of the plant and observing brown vascular tissues, and root rots by brown or black stunted roots.
34.
""'Sclerotinia sclerotiorum " "'is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are correct . " S . sclerotiorum " can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight.
