The genus is estimated to be 87.5 million years old using cytochrome oxidase nucleotide sequences, and more than 34.5 million years old based on a fossil from Florissant, Colorado in the United States.
32.
The ability of nitrous oxide to alter the structure and function of these proteins was demonstrated by shifts in infrared spectra of cysteine thiols of hemoglobin and by partial and reversible inhibition of cytochrome oxidase.
33.
Nevertheless, studies have shown that nitrous oxide can reversibly and non-covalently " insert " itself into the inner structures of some heme-containing proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome oxidase and alter their structure and function.
34.
The most sensitive targets of NO are aconitase, an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle, and cytochrome oxidase, the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain of mitochondria.
35.
Shelagh Ferguson-Miller of Michigan State University said hundreds of scientists from many laboratories have been trying for more than 20 years to learn the structure of cytochrome oxidase and she called the discovery " a major achievement ."
36.
Hydrogen sulfide is as toxic as hydrogen cyanide, and kills by the same mechanism ( inhibition of the respiratory enzyme cytochrome oxidase ), though hydrogen sulfide is less likely to cause surprise poisonings from small inhaled amounts because of its disagreeable odor.
37.
Identifying the iron oxidation pathway in the Zetaproteobacteria began with the publication of the first described cultured representative, single cell genomes, however, suggested an alternative conserved gene cassette with several cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase genes to be involved in Fe oxidation.
38.
The genus is affected by " Wolbachia " bacteria and it has been suggested that horizontal gene transfer may have led to the difficulty in separating species of " Protocalliphora " through DNA fingerprinting, with several species possessing identical mtDNA Cytochrome oxidase I sequences.
39.
""'Alcaligenes aaquatilis " "'is a Gram-negative, catalase-and cytochrome oxidase-positive, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella, from the genus " Alcaligenes ", which was isolated in Germany from sediments of the Weser Estuary and in Shem Creek in Charleston Harbor in the United States from a salt marsh.
40.
The phylogenetic tree analysis of SFV polymerase and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II ( COII has been shown as a powerful marker used for primate phylogeny ) from African and Asian monkeys and apes provides very similar branching order and divergence times among the two trees, supporting the cospeciation.
