| 31. | The Acavomonidia are closer to the dinoflagellate / perkinsid group than the Colponemidia are.
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| 32. | The main phytoplankton present are diatoms and dinoflagellates which are abundant in the sediment.
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| 33. | Extrusomes found in dinoflagellates are important in the formation of red and black tides.
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| 34. | Dinoflagellates may use bioluminescence for defence against predators.
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| 35. | Dinoflagellates produce red tides, which can devastate fish populations and intoxicate oyster harvests.
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| 36. | It is caused by the ambush predator dinoflagellate " Pfiesteria piscicida ".
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| 37. | Predatory dinoflagellates can kill their prey by releasing toxins or phagocytize small prey directly.
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| 38. | These are benthic dinoflagellate and found in sediments.
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| 39. | Nobody had seen that before in dinoflagellates.
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| 40. | Some free-living dinoflagellates do not have chloroplasts, but host a phototrophic endosymbiont.
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