Alternatively, one may seek a fundamental, unifying theory that is able to explain the various types of interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole interactions.
32.
When comparing a polar and nonpolar molecule with similar molar masses, the polar molecule in general has a higher boiling point, because the dipole dipole interaction between polar molecules results in stronger intermolecular attractions.
33.
Halogen bonding is a type of non-covalent interaction which does not involve the formation nor breaking of actual bonds, but rather is similar to the dipole-dipole interaction known as hydrogen bonding.
34.
An example of a dipole-dipole interaction can be seen in hydrogen chloride ( HCl ) : the positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position.
35.
However, these three interactions in solids are orientation-dependent and can be averaged by MAS . The nuclear dipole-dipole interaction, between magnetic moments of nuclei averages to zero only at the magic angle, ? m.
36.
For example, if the dipole-dipole interactions of a central unit cell with unit cells located on an ever-increasing cube, the energy converges to a different value than if the interaction energies had been summed spherically.
37.
The reaction with methyl propargyl ether affords one regioisomer resulting from the HOMO dipolarophile-LUMO dipole interaction, which has largest coefficients on the carbon distal to the carbonyl group of the carbonyl ylide and on the methyl propargyl ether terminal alkyne carbon.
38.
The polar X group at the ?-stereocenter is placed " anti-" to the carbonyl to reduce dipole interactions, and R? is placed " anti-" to the aldehyde group to minimize the steric hindrance.
39.
The molecule's apolar ( hydrophobic ) amino acids are bounded towards the molecule's interior whereas polar ( hydrophilic ) amino acids are bound outwards, allowing dipole-dipole interactions with the solvent, which explains the molecule's solubility.
40.
The mechanisms of nuclear-spin energy-coupling have been extensively characterized and are described in the following articles : Angular momentum coupling, Magnetic dipole dipole interaction, J-coupling, Residual dipolar coupling, Nuclear Overhauser effect, Spin spin relaxation, and Spin saturation transfer.
