The estates were saved from financial collapse when, instead of the owners themselves growing crops using direct labour, they introduced schemes for tenants to grow tobacco and to sell this to the estate owners at fixed, but low, prices.
32.
The new company took the unusual step of appointing all shareholders who held five or more shares to a steering committee, rather than electing a management committee, and of building the canal using direct labour, rather than appointing contractors.
33.
As the amount of tobacco grown on estates by direct labour decreased in the late 1920s, the demand for labour on the estates also declined as the owners had insufficient work for their labour tenants to meet their rent obligations.
34.
The architect's decision to carry out the entire project using direct labour craftsmen ( eschewing the conventional building contractor route ) is thought to have been a contributing factor to his subsequent ill health and decision to concentrate on teaching and writing.
35.
To apply job costing in a manufacturing setting involves tracking which " job " uses various types of direct expenses such as direct labour and direct materials, and then allocating overhead costs ( indirect labor, warranty costs, quality control and other overhead costs ) to the jobs.
36.
In Sraffa's theory, the value of a commodity " contains " both the average labour directly involved in making it ( " direct labour " ) and past labour contained in the materials from which it is made ( " indirect labour " or " dated labour " ).
37.
As the demand for direct labour on tobacco estates declined with collapse in the market for flue-cured tobacco, the estate owners claimed that they had insufficient work for their labour tenants to meet their obligations under the thangata system and that they had become rent-free squatters who should be liable to be evicted.
38.
Wells had acted as William Lethaby's resident architect at All Saints, Brockhampton-by-Ross, ( 1901 02 ) where Lethaby's experimentation with the employment of direct labour under a site architect instead of a contractor under a formal building contract, and deliberately produced few drawings, gave Wells freedom to evolve the design as the building rose and to engage in the physical activity of building.
