The present discounted value of this asset depends on the benefit or cost incurred when a person finds a trading partner or a palm tree ( this is like a one time dividend payment ), and the capital gain ( or loss ) involved in switching states when a trade or coconut-picking occurs.
32.
The legislation gave council tenants the right to buy their council house at a discounted value, depending on how long they had been living in the house, with the proviso that if they sold their house before a minimum period had expired they would have to pay back a proportion of the discount.
33.
Lucas sets up an infinitely lived representative agent model where total lifetime utility ( U is given by the present discounted value ( with \ beta representing the discount factor ) of per period utilities ( u ( . ) ) which in turn depend on consumption in each period ( c _ t)
34.
"You can safely, politely characterize it as a deeply discounted value stock, " said David Sowerby, portfolio manager for Bloomfield Hills, Michigan-based Loomis Sayles Inc . Sowerby said Kmart's moves to reignite sales are falling flat in the face of stiff competition from two other giant discount retailers, Wal-Mart Stores Inc . and Target Corp.
35.
During that three-year period, they could work for their former master, for other people, or for the " state . " Once the three-year period expired, if a slave had any remaining debt, the Protector's Office would pay it with an " indemnity bond, " at the discounted value of 23 % of the claimed debt.
36.
In lieu of a price target, Ms . Schroeder instead takes a page out of Buffett's own investing manual by estimating Berkshire's so-called intrinsic value, the discounted value of all future cash flows, a figure that is a key to security analysis as practiced by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd, who wrote the book on value investing.
37.
In 1671 De Witt conceived of a life annuity as a weighted average of annuities certain where the weights were comet fame ) representation of the life annuity dates to 1693, when he re-expressed a life annuity as the discounted value of each annual payment multiplied by the probability of surviving long enough to receive the payment and summed until there are no survivors.
