The concept of downwelling at trenches was characterized by Griggs in 1939 as the tectogene hypothesis, for which he developed an analogue model using a pair of rotating drums.
32.
In contrast, to the right of the center of the jet, more water is coming from the center than is leaving, creating a downwelling event ( Ekman pumping ).
33.
Downwelling also allows for deep ocean ventilation to occur because these waters are able to bring dissolved oxygen down from the surface to help facilitate aerobic respiration in organisms throughout the water column.
34.
Small amounts of heating or cooling traveling from the polar vortex can trigger or delay downwelling, altering the Gulf Stream Current of the Atlantic, and the speed of other ocean currents.
35.
As discussed at atmosphere of Venus, Venus does have significant convection, with upwelling at the equator and on the day side of planet and downwelling near the poles and on the night side.
36.
The direction and strength of the currents regulate the upwelling / downwelling regime along the coast, with a flow towards the equator in summer ( California current ) and reversal in winter ( Alaska current ).
37.
The oldest water masses have the highest concentrations of and therefore the shallowest CCD . The CCD is relatively shallow in high latitudes with the exception of the North Atlantic and regions of Southern Ocean where downwelling occurs.
38.
The physical factor that influences zooplankton distribution the most is mixing of the water column ( upwelling and downwelling along the coast and in the open ocean ) that affects nutrient availability and, in turn, phytoplankton production.
39.
There is also downwelling on a few coastlines where the wind blows in such a direction that it causes Ekman transport to move water towards the coast which then causes the water to pile up and be pushed down.
40.
"' Downwelling "'is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath warm air.
