Vopel, K ., D . Thistle, et al . ( 2003 ) . " Effect of brittle star Amphiura filiformis ( Amphiuridae, Echinodermata ) on oxygen flux into the sediment . " Limnology and Oceanography 48 ( 5 ) : 2034 & ndash; 2045.
32.
Invertebrate sea life includes Cnidaria such as jellyfish and sea anemones; phyla Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Annelida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Chaetognatha, and Phoronida; Mollusca including shellfish, squid, octopus; Arthropoda including Chelicerata and Crustacea; Porifera; Bryozoa; Echinodermata including starfish; and Urochordata including sea squirts or tunicates.
33.
In 1837 he issued the " Prodrome " of a monograph on the recent and fossil Echinodermata, the first part of which appeared in 1838; in 1839 40 he published two quarto volumes on the fossil Echinoderms of Switzerland; and in 1840 45 he issued his " �tudes critiques sur les mollusques fossiles " ( " Critical Studies on Fossil Mollusks " ).
34.
For example, you should quickly realize that Porifera and Placozoa don't have any legs, Chordata either have no legs or four legs, etc . Aside from the aforementioned examples located under Arthropoda and Mollusca, other places to look are Annelida ( if parapodia count as legs ), Tardigrada, Lobopodia, Echinodermata, etc .-and that's a brief glance through.
35.
One of these, called cherax quadricarinatus densovirus ( CqDV ), has been shown to infect and kill the freshwater crayfish " Cherax quadricarinatus ", subphylum " Crustacea ", while the other, called sea-star-associated densovirus ( SSaDV ), has been shown to replicate in and kill sea-stars and perhaps some other members of phylum " Echinodermata ".
36.
These communities host sponges ( Porifera ), sea anemones, jellyfish ( Cnidaria ), sea mats and hornwrack ( Bryozoa ), segmented worms ( Annelida ) snails, bivalves, squids and octopuses ( Mollusca ), starfishes and sea urchins ( Echinodermata ), crabs, lobsters and shrimps ( Arthropoda ) and little known groups such as Echiura, Priapulida, Sipuncula, Brachiopoda, Pogonophora, Phoronida and Hemichordata.
37.
Many other phyla are found there : Porifera ( sponges ) and Priapulida ( burrowing worms which were ambush predators ), Brachiopoda ( these had bivalve-like shells, but fed by means of a lophophore, a fan-like filter which occupied about of half of the internal space ), Chaetognatha ( arrow worms ), Cnidaria, Ctenophora ( comb jellies ), Echinodermata, Hyolitha ( Lophophorata with small conical shells ), Nematomorpha, Phoronida ( horseshoe worms ), and Protista.
38.
Volume I ( Protozoa through Ctenophora ) of " The Invertebrates ", published in February 1940, was acknowledged as " comprehensive " and " authoritative, " with " illustrations designed for clarity and simplicity . " Volume 2 ( Platyhelminthes and Rhynchocoela ) and Volume 3 ( Acanthocephala, Aschelminthes, and Entoprocta ), both published in 1951, were followed by Volume 4 ( Echinodermata ) in 1955, Volume 5 ( Smaller Coelomate Groups ) in 1959, and Volume 6 ( Mollusca I ) in 1967.
