:: Note that for some patterns, there will be " edge effects ", where the density is lower on the faces.
32.
For example, edge effects describe what happens when part of an ecosystem is disturbed as when land is cleared for agriculture.
33.
He was among the first scientist who could theoretically prove the existence of " edge effect " in piezoceramic disk membranes.
34.
In addition, a reversed version of the " group edge effect " has been observed in pods of Pacific white-sided dolphins.
35.
Furthermore, there are edge effects in which a change in an entity within one tile affects the entities in neighboring tiles.
36.
Buffer zones are often suggested as a way of providing protection from human threat, promoting succession and reforestation, and reducing edge effects.
37.
However, even non-native tree species may serve as corridors for wildlife and act as a buffer for native forest, reducing edge effect.
38.
However, Wendl showed that smaller fragments provide better coverage on small, linear targets because they reduce the edge effect in linear molecules.
39.
Studies conducted by Kansas State University have shown that fragmentation can decrease population productivity by isolating populations, crowding species, and causing edge effect.
40.
This latter relation should ensure to avoid the edge effects of too low recurrence point densities in the edges of the recurrence plot.
