Unambiguous detection of solar neutrinos was provided by the Kamiokande-II experiment, a water Cerenkov detector with a low enough energy threshold to detect neutrinos through neutrino-electron elastic scattering.
32.
Both Mie and Rayleigh scattering are considered elastic scattering processes, in which the energy ( and thus wavelength and frequency ) of the light is not substantially changed.
33.
In the elastic scattering interaction the electrons coming out of the point of reaction strongly point in the direction that the neutrino was travelling, away from the Sun.
34.
Rayleigh scattering is an example of elastic scattering, where the frequency ( wavelength ) of the Rayleigh scattered light is the same as that of the incoming electromagnetic radiation.
35.
These include precision measurement of the solar neutrino flux using the elastic scattering interactions, the first strong evidence for neutrino oscillations, and a more stringent limit on proton decay.
36.
Besides elastic scattering, charged particles also undergo effects from their elementary charge, which repels them away from nuclei and causes their path to be curved inside an electric field.
37.
CNTs are also quasi-1D materials in which only forward scattering and back scattering are allowed, and elastic scattering mean free paths in carbon nanotubes are long, typically on the order of micrometers.
38.
These include precision measurement of the solar neutrino flux using the elastic scattering interaction, the first very strong evidence for atmospheric neutrino oscillation, and a considerably more stringent limit on proton decay.
39.
Backscattered electrons ( BSE ) consist of high-energy electrons originating in the electron beam, that are reflected or back-scattered out of the specimen interaction volume by elastic scattering interactions with specimen atoms.
40.
EDELWEISS is one of a number of dark matter search experiments aiming to directly detect WIMP dark matter, by detecting the elastic scattering of a WIMP off an atom within a particle detector.
