| 31. | Using Pierre's electrometer, she discovered that uranium rays caused the air around a sample to conduct electricity.
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| 32. | Francis Ronalds delineated intensity ( voltage ) and quantity ( current ) for the gold-leaf electrometer.
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| 33. | He designed and built an electrometer which could detect the presence of energetic charged particles ( or electromagnetic waves ).
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| 34. | He also worked on electrometers, for which he invented a new design, air pumps and wrote scientific papers.
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| 35. | This equipment bears his name today as the : Shonka ionization chamber, the Shonka electrometer, and Shonka plastics.
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| 36. | For convenience of use, the vibrating reed assembly is often attached by a cable to the rest of the electrometer.
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| 37. | Valves designed for electrometer use have leakage currents as low as a few femtoamperes ( 10 " 15 amperes ).
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| 38. | It was thanks to the use of Cywinski s electrometers that the first European semiconductor-charge copying machine was developed.
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| 39. | The engraving on the right shows a slightly different form of this electrometer, using four flat plates rather than closed segments.
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| 40. | The most common use for modern electrometers is the measurement of radiation with ionization chambers, in instruments such as geiger counters.
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