An electrothermal engine uses a nozzle to convert the heat of a gas into the linear motion of its molecules so it is a true rocket even though the energy producing the heat comes from an external source.
32.
Performance of electrothermal systems in terms of specific impulse ( Isp ) is somewhat modest ( 500 to ~ 1000 seconds ), but exceeds that of cold gas thrusters, monopropellant rockets, and even most bipropellant rockets.
33.
In the USSR, electrothermal engines were used since 1971; the Meteor-3 ", " Meteor-Priroda ", " Resurs-O " satellite series and the Russian " Elektro " satellite are equipped with them.
34.
A fully experimentally-calibrated electrothermal modelling tool would prove useful in studying, not only the performance of CNT and composite lines, but also their reliability and variability, and the impact of the contacts on the electronic and thermal performance.
35.
However it should be noted that this electrothermal stabilization by magnetic confinement, if found too late for the development of MHD power plants, might be of interest for future applications of MHD to aerodynamics ( magnetoplasma-aerodynamics for hypersonic flight ).
36.
Through the application of electrothermal-chemical technology the XM-291 has been able to achieve muzzle energy outputs that equate that to a low-level 140 mm gun, while achieving muzzle velocities greater than those of the larger 140 mm gun.
37.
A "'plasma cannon "'( also called an "'electrothermal accelerator "') is an experimental projectile weapon, which accelerates a projectile by means of a plasma discharge between electrodes at the rear of the barrel, generating a rapid increase in pressure.
38.
He started working in this field with shock tubes, acting as pulsed power MHD generators delivering several teslas in a volume the size of a beer bottle, constituting the first step to cool down the gas in order to protect materials from heat, by controlling the electrothermal instability within MHD converters.
39.
Neither choice was appealing, but Lutz could offer his patient another option : intradiskal electrothermal therapy, a minor procedure in which an injection is made into the disk and a catheter is inserted and heated to seal the breach, presumably killing the nerve endings carrying pain signals from the site as well.
40.
He was awarded the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Microwave Prize in 1999 for this work described in his 1997 paper " Large-signal Microwave Characterization of AlGaAs / GaAs HBT's Based on a Physics Based Electrothermal Model'( IEEE TMTT, MTT-45, pp . 58 71, 1997 ).
