The elementary parts of a molecule are the nuclei, characterized by their atomic numbers, " Z ", and the electrons, which have negative elementary charge, " " e ".
32.
Where " z " is the number of positive or negative charges of the ion, " e " is the elementary charge and " m " is the mass of the ion.
33.
The electrostatic interaction energy occurring between each pair of electrons of equal charges ( e _ i = e _ j = e, with e the elementary charge of an electron ) is given by Coulomb's Law,
34.
Since a mass spectrum " x "-axis represents a relationship between the ion mass and the number of elementary charges that a given ion carries it contains mass information that may be extracted by a mass spectrometrist.
35.
Where "'u "'represents the unified atomic mass unit, Da represents the unit dalton, and " e " represents the elementary charge which is the electric charge unit in the atomic unit system.
36.
Where " q " is the elementary charge of an electron, ? " f " is the bandwidth in hertz over which the noise is considered, and " I " is the DC current flowing.
37.
The "'elementary charge "', usually denoted as or sometimes, is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge.
38.
Where ? 0 is the permittivity of free space, " e " is the elementary charge and " G " is the gravitational constant, and where ? is the fine-structure constant and " m"
39.
Where N is the number of ions observed in a time t ( in seconds ), I is the measured current ( in amperes ) and e is the elementary charge ( about 1.60 ?10 " 19 C ).
40.
Where " k " is the Boltzmann constant, " T " is the absolute temperature of the p n junction, and " q " is the magnitude of charge of an electron ( the elementary charge ).
