Coupled with Russell's other doctrines, this influenced the logical positivists, who formulated the theory of emotivism or non-cognitivism, which states that ethical propositions ( along with those of metaphysics ) were essentially meaningless and nonsensical or, at best, little more than expressions of attitudes and preferences.
32.
While non-cognitivism was generally accepted by analytic philosophers, emotivism had many deficiencies, and evolved into more sophisticated non-cognitivist theories such as the expressivism of Charles Stevenson, and the universal prescriptivism of R . M . Hare, which was based on J . L . Austin's philosophy of speech acts.
33.
According to emotivism, the act of uttering a moral sentence of the type X is good ( bad ) is closely akin to the expression of a positive ( or negative ) emotional attitude toward X, and such an utterance can be paraphrased by Hurrah for X ! or Boo, X !
34.
No . Nietzsche was one of the most radical thinkers of the nineteenth century, and his works are filled with ideas and concepts that attacked the status quo and offered new options, such as his treatment of emotivism in the face of conservative morality, and his postulation of the eternal recurrence in opposition to Hegel and other philosophers'emphasis on synthesis and progress.
35.
Affective Affective computing Affective design Affective filter Affective science Aggression Anthropopathy Anxiogenic Charisma Condolences Emotion Emotion in animals Emotion work Emotional Freedom Techniques Emotional age Emotional clearing Emotional competence Emotional detachment Emotional dissonance Emotional dysregulation Emotional inertia Emotional intelligence Emotional isolation Emotional stroop Emotions Anonymous Emotivism Feeling List of affective states Mood ( psychology ) Motivation Phobia Plant perception ( paranormal ) Sensitivity ( human ) Uncanny Valley
36.
According to some versions of emotivism, such a sentence merely expresses an attitude of the speaker; it only means something like " Boo on suicide ! " But according to prescriptivism, the statement " Suicide is wrong " means something more like " Do not commit suicide . " What it expresses is thus not primarily a description or an emotion, but an " imperative ".
Acceptance Affection Affective Affective filter Affective science Aggression Alexithymia Ambivalence Anthropopathy Anxiogenic Charisma Condolences Emotion Emotion in animals Emotion work Emotional Freedom Techniques Emotional age Emotional clearing Emotional competence Emotional detachment Emotional dissonance Emotional dysregulation Emotional inertia Emotional intelligence Emotional isolation Emotional stroop Emotions Anonymous Emotivism Feeling Empathy Hysteria Idiot compassion List of affective states Mood ( psychology ) Motivation Pet peeve Phobia Plant perception ( paranormal ) Ressentiment Sensitivity ( human ) Sexual arousal Sympathy
39.
MacIntyre explains that, " Nietzschean man, the �bermensch, [ is ] the man who transcends, finds his good nowhere in the social world to date, but only that in himself which dictates his own new law and his own new table of the virtues . " Although he disagreed with Nietzsche's inegalitarian and elitist view of humankind, he acknowledged the validity of Nietzsche's critique of Enlightenment morality as an explanation of the latter's degeneration into emotivism, and that, like Kamehameha II, Nietzsche had identified the moral imperatives of his time as arbitrary and incoherent in demanding their abolition.
