The flamines were forbidden by law to go into public, or even into the open air without the apex ( Gellius x . 15 ), and hence we find the expression of " alicui apicem dialem imponere " used as equivalent to the appointment of a " Flamen Dialis " ( Livy vi . 41 ).
32.
The "'Albogalerus "', or "'albus galerus "'was a white cap worn by the flamen dialis, made of the skin of a white victim sacrificed to Jupiter, and had the apex fastened to it by means of an olive-twig ( Festus, s . v . albogalerus; Gell . x . 15 ).
33.
He remarked that this triadic structure looks to be predominant in many sacred " formulae " which go back to the most ancient period and noted its pivotal role in determining the " ordo sacerdotum ", the hierarchy of dignity of Roman priests : rex sacrorum, flamen dialis, Flamen Martialis, flamen quirinalis and pontifex maximus in order of decreasing dignity and importance.
34.
Similarly in Rome Jupiter was the supreme ruler of the heavens and god of thunder, represented on earth by the " rex ", king ( later the " rex sacrorum " ) and his substitute, the flamen dialis, the legal aspect of sovereignty being incarnated also by Dius Fidius, Mars was the god of military prowess and a war deity, represented by his flamen martialis; and Quirinus the enigmatic god of the Roman " populus " ( " people " ) organised in the curiae as a civilian and productive force, represented by the flamen quirinalis.
