Irreducibility is most often deployed in defence of the reality of human subjectivity and / or free will, against those who treat such things as folk psychology, such as Paul and Patricia Churchland.
32.
The former was declared to be impossible by Wundt, who argued that higher thought could not be studied experimentally through extended introspection, but only humanistically through " V�lkerpsychologie " ( folk psychology ).
33.
Early work in cross-cultural psychology was suggested in Lazarus and Steinthal's journal " Zeitschrift f�r V�lkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft " [ Journal of Folk Psychology and Language Science ], which began to be published in 1860.
34.
Psychologists and philosophers sometimes use the term " folk " to mean the way that ordinary people think about something, as opposed to academic specialists-- for example, " folk psychology " or " folk physics ".
35.
Simulation theorists, like Robert Gordon and Alvin Goldman argue that folk psychology is not a theory, but rather depends on internal simulation of others, and therefore is not subject to falsification in the same way that theories are.
36.
Eliminativism is the thesis that the ontology of folk psychology including such entities as " pain ", " joy ", " desire ", " fear ", etc ., are eliminable in favor of an ontology of a completed neuroscience.
37.
Eliminative materialists believe " folk psychology " is so unscientific that, ultimately, it will be better to eliminate primitive concepts such as " mind, " " desire " and " belief, " in favor of a future neuro-scientific account.
38.
"At one level, the logic of economics is so rigorous, but it is built on a foundation of folk psychology that we would mock in other fields, " said Terry Burnham, a visiting assistant professor at the Harvard Business School.
39.
"' Eliminative materialism "'( also called "'eliminativism "') is the claim that people's common-sense understanding of the mind ( or folk psychology ) is false and that certain entail the non-existence of conscious mental states such as pain and visual perceptions.
40.
Findings from preferential looking experiments have suggested that humans innately possess sets of beliefs about how objects interact ( " folk physics " or " folk mechanics " ) and about how animate beings interact ( " folk psychology " ).
