Billed as the biggest physics meeting in history, it is attracting more than 10, 000 physicists from all over the nation and the world, who will present more than 8, 000 research papers on everything from galactic clusters to quarks, the tiniest bits of matter.
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One of the most spectacular results was finding the " Great Wall, " a vast sheet of connecting galaxies and galactic clusters mapped in 1989 by Dr . Margaret J . Geller and Dr . John P . Huchra of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
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The cover story is headlined " Getting a grip on the universe, " a nicely illustrated journey from the incredibly small realm of subatomic particles to the stupefyingly large domain of galactic clusters, with such entities as human beings and the Milky Way fitted in between.
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The team combined the natural magnifying power of the galactic cluster Abell 2218, a gravitational lens 2 billion light-years away, with the cameras on the Hubble Space Telescope in Earth orbit and at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii to detect a faint light from 13.4 billion light-years away.
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:To get to the actual Q, the cloud likely has a tiny rotation inherited from larger galactic rotation, which in turn comes from galactic cluster eddies, ultimately going back to the Big Bang ( although what caused the initial rotation right after the Big Bang is a mystery ).
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There are three main ways we see this, Gravitational lensing, rotation curves ( i . e . speed of rotation of matter in galaxies and galactic clusters ) and through projects like WMAP which fit all the observables we have to the development of the universe as a whole.
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Rice authored or co-authored the following publications : " The Dusty Environment of the Young Galactic Cluster NGC 2264 ", " A Calibrated System for Low Resolution Spectral Classification ", and " The Structure and Kinematics of Bipolar Outflows : Observations and Models of the Monoceros R2 Outflow ".
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The team combined the natural magnifying power of the galactic cluster Abell 2218, a gravitational lens 2 billion light-years away, with the cameras on the Hubble Space Telescope in Earth orbit and at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii to detect a faint light from 13 . 4 billion light-years away.
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Observations of the orbital velocities of stars in the Milky Way and other galaxies starting with Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in the 1930s, along with observed velocities of galaxies in galactic clusters, found motion far exceeding the energy density of the visible matter needed to account for their dynamics.
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The force represented by the constant would also imply a lower density of matter in the universe, making it easier for various reasons to explain how matter has congregated into exceedingly large structures, like the observed " great wall " of galactic clusters that stretches over more than half a billion light-years.
