From France Gallicanism spread, about the middle of the eighteenth century, into the Low Countries, thanks to the works of the jurisconsult Zeger Bernhard van Espen.
32.
He was also a supporter of Gallicanism, and was very concerned with Pope Callixtus'and d'Estouteville s interference in the affairs of the French Church.
33.
In his books and letters he developed a strong and coherent form of Gallicanism, rejecting the infallibility of the Roman pontiff and professing the superiority of the general council.
34.
Richer's explanation and defense of the theory and practice of Gallicanism was an expression of French resistance to the power and reach of the Pope during that period.
35.
When Edmond Richer laboured to revive in the theological faculty a somewhat modified Gallicanism, Ysambert with the theologian Duval became the zealous defender of the rights of the Holy See.
36.
In 1814 he published, with his brother, " " ( 1814 ), in which he strongly condemned Gallicanism and the interference of political authority in ecclesiastical affairs.
37.
Pombal was an advocate of monarchical power over the church, often known as regalism, and state autonomy from the papacy, or Gallicanism ( after the model in France ).
38.
Afraid to see gallicanism slip out of his control, the Pope eventually agreed to a general council, but rejected the attendance of any Protestant, as demanded by the French government.
39.
Cardinal Richelieu believed Eudaemon-Joannis to be the author; Carolus Scribani was another suspect, and Fran�ois Garasse was questioned, as part of the struggle of Gallicanism against the Jesuits.
40.
These tensions echo earlier quarrels with respect to the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in French society and the influence of the Pope in French public affairs ( see gallicanism vs ultramontanism .)
