Peut-�tre est-ce la raison pour laquelle on conna�t tant de sc�nes de gavage de ces volatiles ( il n'est pas s�r, en effet, que les �gyptiens aient connu la recette du foie gras . . . ).
32.
The same article states that foie gras is " not " a physiological phenomenon ( " " l'intensit?de la st�atose h�patique de gavage et sa r�versibilit? dans des conditions certes extraphysiologiques, mais non pathologiques " " ).
33.
Geese are more expensive to maintain than ducks ( they are larger and more aggressive ), and the more temperamental muscovies did not accept the process of gavage ( force feeding ) as readily as Pekins, causing the quality of the foie gras to suffer.
34.
The term " ethical foie gras " or " humane foie gras " is also used for gavage-based foie gras production that is more concerned with the animal's welfare ( using rubber hoses rather than steel pipes for feeding ).
35.
They may not have been seeking to make modern foie gras ( though neither sources categorically reject that possibility ) but since we they are at the origin of both raising of geese and "'gavage "', it does constitute part of the origins of foie gras.
36.
So the traditional force-feeding of girls ( gavage ) resulted in many very fat women in Mauritania, where there was a strong cultural preference for fatness as a sign of wealth, but it was common enough that sexual attraction directed solely at fat women was not worthy of remark.
37.
The next feeding phase, which the French call " gavage " or " finition d'engraissement ", or " completion of fattening ", involves forced daily ingestion of controlled amounts of feed for 12 to 15 days with ducks and for 15 to 18 days with geese.
38.
Apart from the greater time to onset of inactivity and abdominal breathing at lethal doses ( 25 40 minutes ), and the time to death ( approximately 1.3 hours ), the symptoms after pinnatoxin E, F or G admission by gavage do not differ much from admission by intraperitoneal injection.
39.
:See also Force-feeding, also known as gavage, which is used on girls in Mauritania before marriage-if they won't co-operate, they are locked up as prisoners and fed until they are plump enough to be wed . talk ) 15 : 19, 17 March 2008 ( UTC)
40.
In 1993 and 1994, he fended off letter-writing campaigns and demonstrations by animal-rights activists who cited foie gras as one of the most cruel animal food products because of what the French call gavage : forcing the birds to swallow up to a pound of feed three times a day so that their livers grow to as much as 12 times their normal size.
