The Umu Chromotest has the added advantage of having its procedure codified under ISO 13829 " Water Quality-Determination of genotoxicity of water and waste water using the umu-test ".
32.
WHO concluded that patulin is genotoxic based on variable genotoxicity data, however it is considered a group 3 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC ), since data was inconclusive.
33.
Although genotoxicity cannot be linked directly to the development of cancer in humans, a strong correlation between genotoxic effects in bacteria and their mutagenic and tumor-initiating properties in mammals has been shown to exist.
34.
No data were available regarding chemical disposition, metabolism, or toxicokinetics; acute, shortterm, subchronic, or chronic toxicity; synergistic or antagonistic activity; reproductive or teratological effects; carcinogenicity; genotoxicity; or immunotoxicity.
35.
Although some " in vitro " genotoxicity of verbascoside has been reported on human lymphocytes with an involvement of PARP-1 and p53 proteins, subsequent " in vivo " tests reported no genotoxicity for high dosage oral administration.
36.
Although some " in vitro " genotoxicity of verbascoside has been reported on human lymphocytes with an involvement of PARP-1 and p53 proteins, subsequent " in vivo " tests reported no genotoxicity for high dosage oral administration.
37.
Permethrin does not present any notable genotoxicity or immunotoxicity in humans and farm animals, but is classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen, based on reproducible studies in which mice fed permethrin developed liver and lung tumors.
38.
The carcinogenicity of ptaquiloside was proven in 1984, and ptaquiloside was shown to be responsible for the characteristic biological effects of bracken, such as acute bracken poisoning, bright blindness in sheep, mutagenicity, clastogenic effects and genotoxicity.
39.
Taking advantage of the operon fusion placing the lac operon ( responsible for producing beta-galactosidase, a protein which degrades lactose ) under the control of an SOS-related protein, a simple colorimetric assay for genotoxicity is possible.
40.
This test was developed as a practical complement or alternative to the traditional Ames test assay for genotoxicity, which involves growing bacteria on agar plates and comparing natural mutation rates to mutation rates of bacteria exposed to potentially mutagenic compounds or samples.
