| 31. | The building of the 1887 groyne at shingle along the coast, which is the function of groynes.
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| 32. | Examples include Long Beach in New York, The Wedge in California, and Duranbah Groyne in Australia.
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| 33. | A long groyne had to be constructed to take the place of the missing doggers and check the erosion.
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| 34. | Material that is concentrated too far down the beach may form a temporary groyne that will encourage scouring behind it.
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| 35. | Groynes that are too short, too low, or too permeable are ineffective because they trap too little sediment.
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| 36. | The rate of erosion may have been influenced by the presence or absence of erosion limiting groynes or a pier.
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| 37. | It is also known for the fact that it was the first place in England to try out rock groynes.
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| 38. | Groynes are barriers or walls perpendicular to the sea, often made of greenharts, concrete, rock or wood.
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| 39. | A second smaller barrier, called " little groyne " was later built a short distance north on Kirra beach.
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| 40. | From 1870 onwards the island was protected against the power of the sea with groynes, wooden palisades and revetments.
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