| 31. | The mouth parts, like that of all hemipterans, have stylets used for penetration into plants and sucking.
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| 32. | In response, hemipterans have evolved antipredator adaptations . " Ranatra " may feign death ( thanatosis ).
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| 33. | This is usually effective against smaller insect predators such as ants, but not larger ones, such as hemipterans.
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| 34. | Both herbivorous and predatory hemipterans inject enzymes to begin digestion extraorally ( before the food is taken into the body ).
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| 35. | Flies of the group Muscomorpha have puparia, as do members of the order Strepsiptera, and the Hemipteran family Aleyrodidae.
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| 36. | The closest relatives of hemipterans are the thrips and lice, which collectively form the " hemipteroid assemblage " within the Exopterygota.
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| 37. | Unlike modern sucking insects, such as the Hemipterans, the mouthparts were held vertically below the head, or projected forwards.
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| 38. | The size of the colony and the number of nests seemed to depend on the number of hemipterans in the territorial area.
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| 39. | The only option to use the 1868 name for the hemipteran taxon is to get the 1858 name officially suppressed by the Commission.
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| 40. | The relationship between hemipterans and plants appears to be ancient, with piercing and sucking of plants evident in the Early Devonian period.
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