The attached bacteria in the first reactor, known as a SMART unit, are exposed to a constant high COD, triggering the expression of high concentrations of hydrolytic enzymes in the EPS layer around the bacteria.
32.
For hydrolytic enzymes, colorimetric assays are required that use a p-nitrophenol ( p-NP )-linked substrate, or fluorometric assays that use a 4-methylumbelliferone ( MUF )-linked substrate.
33.
Hydrolytic enzymes are secreted by the pollen tube that digest the female tissue as the tube grows down the stigma and style; the digested tissue is used as a nutrient source for the pollen tube as it grows.
34.
Ribonucleases can be divided into endoribonucleases and exoribonucleases, and comprise several sub-classes within the EC 2.7 ( for the phosphorolytic enzymes ) and 3.1 ( for the hydrolytic enzymes ) classes of enzymes.
35.
For example, following phagocytosis, the ingested particle ( or phagosome ) fuses with a lysosome containing hydrolytic enzymes to form a phagolysosome; the pathogens or food particles within the phagosome are then digested by the lysosome's enzymes.
36.
:: : By lysosomes, I do mean the organelle " with " the hydrolytic enzymes in it that digest foreign and malfunctioning organelles and particles . "'k & er "'22 : 51, 6 December 2008 ( UTC)
37.
It sources its versatile capacity for degradation by import of enzymes with specificity for different substrates; cathepsins are the major class of hydrolytic enzymes, while lysosomal alpha-glucosidase ( GAA ) is responsible for carbohydrates, and ACP 2 is necessary to release phosphate groups of phospholipids.
38.
In bacterial efflux systems, certain substances that need to be extruded from the cell include surface components of the bacterial cell ( e . g . capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and teichoic acid ), proteins involved in bacterial pathogenesis ( e . g . hemolysis, heme-binding protein, and alkaline protease ), heme, hydrolytic enzymes, S-layer proteins, competence factors, toxins, antibiotics, bacteriocins, peptide antibiotics, drugs and siderophores.
39.
Specific projects focus on structural biology of large macromolecules, genomics and functional proteomics, development of biocomputing tools, control of cell growth and cancer, mechanisms of aging and apoptosis, development of animal models for chronic autoimmune diseases, infectious and cancer-like diseases, construction of vaccines for humans and farm animals, development of tools to improve plant productivity and resistance to environmental stress, development of new processes for environmental recovery based on microorganisms, production of antibiotics and hydrolytic enzymes, and discovery of immunomodulatory compounds.
