Inspect for : a straight spine ( note any scoliosis ), normal paraspinal muscle bulk, symmetrical shoulder and gluteal muscle bulk, symmetry of iliac crests, absence of popliteal swellings, absence of foot or hindfoot swellings.
32.
On the anterior wall of the abdomen, except in the pubic region, and on the lateral wall above the iliac crest, it is scanty, and here the transversalis fascia is more closely connected with the peritoneum.
33.
The "'hip region "'is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region ( i . e ., the buttock ), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the femur, or " thigh bone ".
34.
A "'hip pointer "'is a contusion on the pelvis caused by a direct blow or a bad fall at an iliac crest and / or hip bone and a bruise of the abdominal muscles ( transverse and oblique abdominal muscles ).
35.
Those from the lowest ribs pass nearly vertically downward, and are inserted into the anterior half of the outer lip of the iliac crest; the middle and upper fibers, directed downward ( inferiorly ) and forward ( anteriorly ), become aponeurotic at approximately the midclavicular line.
36.
These pierce the aponeurosis of the latissimus dorsi at the lateral border of the erector spine muscles, and descend across the posterior part of the iliac crest to the skin of the buttock, some of their twigs running as far as the level of the greater trochanter.
37.
From its attachment to the iliac crest it passes down over the gluteus medius to the upper border of the gluteus maximus, where it splits into two layers, one passing superficial to and the other beneath this muscle; at the lower border of the muscle the two layers reunite.
38.
It perforates the external oblique muscles, descends over the iliac crest in front of the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve, and is distributed to the skin of the front part of the gluteal muscles, some of its filaments extending as low as the greater trochanter of the femur.
39.
In the medical tradition of Japan, " hara " refers to the soft belly, i . e . the area defined vertically by the lower edge of the sternum and the upper edge of the pubis and laterally by the lower border of the ribcage and the anterior iliac crest respectively.
40.
Bone grafts may be autologous ( bone harvested from the patient s own body, often from the iliac crest ), allograft ( cadaveric bone usually obtained from a bone bank ), or synthetic ( often made of hydroxyapatite or other naturally occurring and biocompatible substances ) with similar mechanical properties to bone.
