Site-specific recombination is also an important process that viruses, such as bacteriophages, adopt to integrate their genetic material into the infected host.
32.
Given the typical aggregated ( right-skewed ) distribution of parasites, its actual value is highly dependent on a few extremely infected hosts.
33.
Plasmodium vivax induces morphologic alterations in infected host erythrocytes that are visible by light microscopy in Romanovsky-stained blood smears as multiple brick-red dots.
34.
The larvae then become adults, leave its infected host, and move on to unknowingly inoculate more plants to start the cycle over again.
35.
A significant number of eggs may escape into the external environment before a heavily infected host is incapacitated by, or dies from, the infection.
36.
This unusual mode of biparental vertical transmission allows the virus to spread through host populations even if it reduces the fitness of infected hosts.
37.
Although TMV does not have defined transmission vectors, the virus can be easily transmitted from the infected hosts to the healthy plants, by human handling.
38.
When the size of the closed population falls below the critical community size level, the low density of infected hosts causes extinction of the pathogen.
39.
As a result, each infected host could instead simply " fire and forget " packets as rapidly as possible ( generally hundreds per second ).
40.
It was suggested that vinnexins may function to alter gap junction proteins in infected host cells, possibly modifying cell-cell communication during encapsulation responses in parasitized insects.
