Alatas said a treaty in force since last march declaring Southeast Asia a nuclear weapon free zone, " acknowledges the right of other states to freedom of the high seas and innocent passage and archipelagic passage ."
32.
The ILC ultimately submitted a draft provision to the 1958 United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS I ), providing that the right of innocent passage through international straits should not be suspended.
33.
The " archipelagic waters " within the outermost islands of archipelagic states are treated as internal waters with the exception that innocent passage must be allowed, although the archipelagic state may designate certain sea lanes in these waters.
34.
The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships ( civilian ) are allowed innocent passage through it, or transit passage for straits; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below.
35.
All " archipelagic waters " within the outermost islands of an archipelagic state such as Indonesia or the Philippines are also considered internal waters, and are treated the same with the exception that innocent passage through them must be allowed.
36.
In the 1980s, US warships were passing through the straits from the Mediterranean into the Black Sea two or three times a year to " show the flag " and to claim the right of innocent passage in the coastal states.
37.
A number of states, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States argued that the Straits were international waters, and, as such, all vessels had the right of " free and innocent passage " through them.
38.
The " "'Corfu Channel " case "'( ) was a public international law case heard before the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) between 1947 and 1949, concerning state responsibility for damages at sea, as well as the doctrine of innocent passage.
39.
On 12 February 1988, while the Yorktown was exercising the " right of innocent passage " through Soviet territorial waters the Soviet Richard L . Armitage, acknowledged that the transit was not operationally necessary, but asserted that it was still a valid innocent passage under international law.
40.
The Convention allows for " innocent passage " through these previously claimed seas, meaning ships do not have to go out of their way to avoid another country's ocean as long as they do not do any harm to the country or break any of its laws.
