In the causative, the verb takes the suffix-" uul "-, the causee ( the person caused to do something ) in a transitive action ( e . g .,'raise') takes dative or instrumental case, and the causee in an intransitive action ( e . g .,'rise') takes accusative case.
32.
The verb " > 74 @ 02; ON " ( I congratulate you, I wish you ) can precede this, but it's usually omitted as understood, and that ( unspoken ) word governs the use of the preposition c, which in turn requires the instrumental case .-- [ pleasantries ] 21 : 55, 2 January 2017 ( UTC)
33.
For example, the English prepositional phrase " with ( his ) foot " ( as in " John kicked the ball with his foot " ) might be rendered in Russian using a single noun in the instrumental case, or in Ancient Greek as (, meaning " the foot " with both words ( the definite article, and the noun ( ) " foot " ) changing to dative form.
34.
In most declension paradigms, the instrumental case in Russian can generally be distinguished by the-> < ( "-om " ) suffix for most masculine and neuter nouns, the-> N /-o9 ( "-oju " / "-oj " ) suffix for most feminine nouns and-0 < 8 ( "-ami " ) for any of the three genders in the plural.
35.
The Russian instrumental case is also used with verbs of use and control ( to own, to manage, to abuse, to rule, to possess, etc . ), attitude ( to be proud of, to threaten ( with ), to value, to be interested ( in ), to admire, to be obsessed ( with ), etc . ), reciprocal action ( to share, to exchange ), and some other verbs.
36.
And there are also appropriate adverbs in Greek and Latin ( elements lost in productive paradigms sometimes survive in stray forms, like the old instrumental case of the definite article in English expressions like " the more the merrier " ) : Greek " �nM " " upwards, " k�tM " " downwards ", Latin " quM " " whither ? ", " eM " " to that place "; and perhaps even the Indic preposition / preverb " ?" " to ( ward ) " which has no satisfactory competing etymology . ( These forms must be distinguished from the similar-looking ones formed to the ablative in *-" Md " and with a distinctive " fromness " sense : Greek " �pM " " whence, from where " .)
