| 31. | Ion beam lithography has been found to be useful for transferring high-fidelity patterns on three-dimensional surfaces.
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| 32. | There are also proposals to do inertial confinement fusion with ion beams instead of laser beams.
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| 33. | SIMS uses a high-energy primary ion beam to desorb and generate secondary ions from a surface.
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| 34. | The spectator protons are separated from the ion beams by means of the dipole magnet D1.
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| 35. | A less traditional technique is to use focused ion beam sputtering ( FIB ) to remove material.
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| 36. | This gives the ion beam a smaller wavelength than even an e-beam and therefore almost no diffraction.
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| 37. | During its lifetime, it accelerated 80 different ion beams for experimental use, ranging from protons to uranium.
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| 38. | Thermal ionization is used to make simple ion sources, for mass spectrometry and for generating ion beams.
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| 39. | During ERDA, the idea is to place an ion beam source at a grazing angle to the sample.
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| 40. | Other small dimension techniques are the atomic force microscope, the focused ion beam and the helium ion microscope.
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