| 31. | The species was first ICZN rules classifies as a junior synonym, and it is therefore discarded.
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| 32. | The latter two species are today either considered junior synonyms or " nomina dubia ".
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| 33. | Williston and Case, 1913 now are considered junior synonyms of " Sphenacodon ferox ".
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| 34. | This taxon is the product of a junior synonym of " P . antarcticus ".
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| 35. | The family is now considered as a junior synonym of the family Gecarcinucidae, with subfamily Parathelphusinae.
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| 36. | The genus may be a junior synonym for " Eudmetoceras " of Buckman, 1920.
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| 37. | The species was first ICZN naming rules, these are both considered junior synonyms and rendered invalid.
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| 38. | Several species and subspecies are currently considered as junior synonyms of " Schizopygopsis younghusbandi ".
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| 39. | Poecilotheria nallamalaiensis Rao et al ., 2006, a junior synonym of Poecilotheria formosa Pocock, 1899
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| 40. | The genus was formerly regarded as a junior synonym of the genus " Dasyatis ".
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