The refractive index of materials can also be nonlinear, as occurs with the Kerr effect when high intensity light leads to a refractive index proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
32.
Kerr's most important experimental work was the discovery of double refraction in solid and liquid dielectrics in an electrostatic field ( 1875 ) and of the so-called Kerr effect.
33.
At the present moment, there is no evidence that this approximation is not valid, as the observation of Voigt effect is rare because extremely small with respect to the Kerr effect.
34.
For a detailed discussion of the blue phase LCs in in-plane switching ( IPS ) structures and related modeling method based on the Kerr effect in a macroscopic scale see references.
35.
During reading, a laser projects a beam on the disk and, according to the magnetic state of the surface, the reflected light varies due to the magneto-optic Kerr effect.
36.
The optical Kerr effect manifests itself temporally as self-phase modulation, a self-induced phase-and frequency-shift of a pulse of light as it travels through a medium.
37.
High magnification domain observation system uses the longitudinal and polar Kerr effect for dynamic observation of surface domain structures at a maximumum rate of 1825 frames per second and maximum magnetification of 500 times.
38.
Des Coudres worked among other things on metal reflection, the Kerr effect, high pressure physics, and he was the first to determine the specific charge and the speed of alpha particles.
39.
In 1899-1900, he measured very short time constants of the Kerr effect, a few billionths of a second, or about the time it takes light to travel one meter.
40.
Where the oscillatory e ^ { i \ gamma Pz } phase factor accounts for the difference between the linear refractive index, and the modified refractive index, as raised by the Kerr effect.
