Despite this a straightforward opposition of the two views is, however, less recommendable : Rather than standing in opposition to the laryngeal theory the System PIE ( and OS PIE Lexicon ) can be characterised as containing elements from all historical mainstream schools of thought, i . e . from the Paleogrammarians, the Neogrammarians, the laryngeal theory and monolaryngealism.
32.
Despite this a straightforward opposition of the two views is, however, less recommendable : Rather than standing in opposition to the laryngeal theory the System PIE ( and OS PIE Lexicon ) can be characterised as containing elements from all historical mainstream schools of thought, i . e . from the Paleogrammarians, the Neogrammarians, the laryngeal theory and monolaryngealism.
33.
Both of these works aim to provide an overview of the lexical knowledge accumulated until the early 20th century, but with only stray comments on the structure of individual forms; in Pokorny 1959, then-recent trends of morphology and phonology ( e . g ., the laryngeal theory ), go unacknowledged, and he largely ignores Anatolian and Tocharian data.
34.
In favor of the Indo-Hittite hypothesis are the very Indo-European agricultural terminology conserved in Anatolia, otherwise considered the cradle of agriculture, and the laryngeal theory that hypothesizes the existence of one or more additional stop or spirant consonants in the Indo-European parent language that has only been attested in Hittite and of which only traces are left outside Anatolian.
35.
While the glottalic theory was originally motivated by typological argument, several proponents, in particular Frederik Kortlandt, have argued for traces of glottalization being found in a number of attested Indo-European languages or the assumption of glottalization explaining previously known phenomena, which lends the theory empirical support . ( Similarly, the laryngeal theory was proposed before direct evidence in Anatolian was discovered .)
36.
Thus, for instance, the solution to the laryngeal problem, PIE * hQ * Qh * fQ * Qf, contains PIE * Q, the former Schwa Indogermanicum inherited from the Neogrammarians, the single laryngeal from monolaryngealism, but also accepts the colouring rules of the laryngeal theory, thus e . g . deriving the vowel Neogr . * a from PIE * Qe ( cf.
37.
As a result, the laryngeal theory is generally accepted today in one form or another, although scholars who deal with the theory disagree on the number of laryngeals to be accepted, with most positing three ( like M�ller ) or four, but some positing as few as one ( proposed by Szemer�nyi 1996 : 139-140 ) or as many as thirteen ( namely Martinet 1986 : 146 ).
38.
Prem Singh, in his foreword to the reprint edition of the German translation of PG ini's Grammar in 1998, concluded that the " effect Panini's work had on Indo-European linguistics shows itself in various studies " and that a " number of seminal works come to mind, " including Saussure's works and the analysis that " gave rise to the laryngeal theory, " further stating : " This type of structural analysis suggests influence from Panini's analytical teaching . " George Cardona, however, warns against overestimating the influence of PG ini on modern linguistics : " Although Saussure also refers to predecessors who had taken this Paninian rule into account, it is reasonable to conclude that he had a direct acquaintance with Panini's work.
