| 31. | The specific epithet " " is from the Latin meaning " wedge-shaped ", referring to the leaf base.
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| 32. | The mine initially has the form of a short corridor that starts at the midrib or the leaf base.
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| 33. | The species name " decurrens " " decurrent " is derived from the leaf base running down the stem.
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| 34. | The specific epithet " attenuata " is from the Latin meaning " drawn out ", referring to the leaf base.
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| 35. | The mine has the form a long and narrow corridor that starts at the midrib or at the leaf base.
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| 36. | The mine has the form of one or some rather broad corridors radiating from the leaf base or the midrib.
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| 37. | They form a strongly contracted upper-surface tentiform mine, generally in the lower third of the leaf, beginning at the leaf base.
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| 38. | The leaf cells are elongated at the leaf base and smooth, the top sheet portion extends to approximately square and smooth.
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| 39. | Nor does the G . Tahan specimen have truly petiolate leaves-its leaf base is narrow and has rolled up during drying.
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| 40. | The leaf base of silver birch is usually a right angle to the stalk while for downy birch it is rounded.
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