Where is the velocity ( see time derivative ), is the electric charge of the particle and ) " } } is the Lorentz factor.
32.
In 1959 ultrarelativistic particle, when emitting TR while passing the boundary between media and vacuum, were directly proportional to the Lorentz factor of the particle.
33.
Where u is the instantaneous speed of the particle, \ gamma the Lorentz factor, c is the speed of light, and t is time.
34.
A relative speed of 0.6c gives a Lorentz factor of 1.25, so the waving lasts 5 seconds by A's clock.
35.
Proper velocity is the product of two other derivatives in special relativity that describe an object's rate of travel : coordinate velocity and the Lorentz factor.
36.
Expressing "'N "'in terms of relativistic mass-energy and momentum, rather than rest mass and velocity, avoids extra Lorentz factors.
37.
Where m _ 0 denotes the particle's rest mass, v its velocity, \ gamma the Lorentz factor, and c the speed of light in a vacuum.
38.
The resulting length is shorter than the rest length, and is given by the formula for length contraction ( with " ? " being the Lorentz factor ):
39.
The Lorentz factor or " Lorentz term " is the factor by which time, length, and relativistic mass change for an object while that object is moving.
40.
These jets have Lorentz factors of ~ 100 or greater ( that is, speeds over roughly 0.99995c ), making them some of the swiftest celestial objects currently known.
