The mandible is moved primary by the four muscles of mastication : the masseter, V 3, or the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, work in different groups to move the mandible in different directions.
32.
Oyen et al . conducted a cross-section study of " Papio anubis " in order to ascertain the relationship between palate length, incisor load and Masseter lever efficiency, relative to torus enlargement.
33.
This treatment typically involves five or six injections into the masseter and temporalis muscles, and less often into the lateral pterygoids ( given the possible risk of decreasing the ability to swallow ) taking a few minutes per side.
34.
The mandible is deep and thick and bears deep fossae; combined with the presence of a wide zygoma and a high-positioned condyle, it suggests that " Necromantis " had large, well developed masseters.
35.
Due to its smaller mouth, body anatomy, and masseter muscle, it tends to concentrate on food items up to 3 ( cm ) in diameter, while larger species eat items up to 6 ( cm ) in diameter.
36.
"D . insignis " have a typical mymorphous zygomatic arch with a narrow infraorbital foramen, due to the prominence of the lower anterior-positioned masseter muscles resulting in only three molars in a row and grooved upper incisors.
37.
It is thought that feedback from proprioceptive nerves in teeth and the temporomandibular joints govern the creation of neural pathways, which in turn determine duration and force of individual muscle activation ( and in some cases muscle fiber groups as in the masseter and temporalis ).
38.
This condition is found in the Muroidea ( Myomorpha ) and most Gliridae ( Sciuromorpha : in the latter it is often referred to as pseudomyomorphy ) . suggest that the infraorbital foramen of the extinct sciurid subfamily Cedromurinae may have allowed for the passage of the masseter muscle.
39.
The Hystricomorpha, such as the guinea pig, have larger superficial masseter muscles and smaller deep masseter muscles than rats or squirrels, possibly making them less efficient at biting with the incisors, but their enlarged internal pterygoid muscles may allow them to move the jaw further sideways when chewing.
40.
The Hystricomorpha, such as the guinea pig, have larger superficial masseter muscles and smaller deep masseter muscles than rats or squirrels, possibly making them less efficient at biting with the incisors, but their enlarged internal pterygoid muscles may allow them to move the jaw further sideways when chewing.
