The bendr?drum ( called " bara " in Mali and " dumaa " among the Hausa ) is a membranophone made from a gourd with the top cut off and covered with goat or sheep skin.
32.
This instrument was used mainly in Theravada Buddhist artistic rituals which also involved other categories of instruments such as " Ghana, Avanaddha ", and " Tat " ( idiophones, membranophones and chordophones respectively ).
33.
*I don't at the moment see why we need these two intermediate categories to get from : Category : Goblet-shaped drums ( the only category with any content in this branch ) to : Category : Membranophones.
34.
"' Military drums "'or "'war drums "'are all kinds of drums and membranophones that have been used for martial music, including military communications, as well as drill, honors music and military ceremonies.
35.
These four categories are accepted as given and are four separate chapters in the " Natyashastra ", one each on stringed instruments ( chordophones ), hollow instruments ( aerophones ), solid instruments ( idiophones ), and covered instruments ( membranophones ).
36.
"' Indian musical instruments "'can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel Sachs system into four categories : chordophones ( string instruments ), aerophones ( wind instruments ), membranophones ( drums ) and idiophones ( non-drum percussion instruments ).
37.
Neither of the two categories nominated for deletion ( but not tagged, incidentally ) have any other parents or content, so my inclination at the moment is to upmerge : Category : Goblet-shaped drums to : Category : Membranophones and delete the intermediate categories.
38.
Membranophone instruments include the Makawa, or kakel kultrung, a double-headed drum; and the Kultrun or Cultrun, a ceremonial drum and the most important musical instrument in Mapuche culture, used by the machi ( healer or sorcerer ) for religious and cultural rituals.
39.
The "'udukkai "'( Tamil : ???????) or "'uduku "'is a membranophone instrument used in folk music and prayers in Tamil Nadu and it is originated in Tamil Nadu as well.
40.
Having no explicit category for " percussion " as normally understood, Hornbostel Sachs places nearly all percussion instruments in the high level categories of membranophones ( high-level category 2, drums and similar ) and idiophones ( high-level category 1, cymbals, xylophone-like instruments and similar ).
