More generally, therefore, re-profiling systems are associated with and integrated by surficial protection of the slope against erosion and by regulation of meteoric waters through drainage systems made up of ditches and small channels ( clad or unclad and prefabricated ) to run off the water collected.
32.
Precipitation of tufa in the Portneuf drainage is produced through the combination of four complex mechanisms : dissolution of limestones by meteoric waters containing carbonic acids, degassing of CO 2 at turbulent sites, the removal of CO 2 by photosynthetic plants, and the trapping of particles of CaCO 3 by the biota.
33.
The depth of the halocline is a function of several factors : climate and specifically how much meteoric water recharges the aquifer, hydraulic conductivity of the host rock, distribution and connectivity of existing cave systems and how effective these are at draining water to the coast, and the distance from the coast.
34.
In terrestrial hydrothermal systems, the majority of water circulated within the fumarole and geyser systems is meteoric water plus ground water that has percolated down into the thermal system from the surface, but it also commonly contains some portion of metamorphic water, magmatic water, and sedimentary formational brine that is released by the magma.
35.
The Rayleigh distillation model can also be used to explain the strong correlation between ?D and ? 18 O observed in global precipitation, expressed as the global meteoric water line ( GMWL ) : ?D = 8? 18 O + 10 ( later updated to ?D = 8.17?.07 ? 18 O + 11.27?.65 ) The slope of the GMWL reflects the relative magnitude of hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation during condensation.
