It is named after the Swiss rods, coccobacilli, or as in the case of " Moraxella catarrhalis ", diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive properties . " M . catarrhalis " is the clinically most important species under this genus.
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The pathophysiology of mastoiditis is straightforward : bacteria spread from the middle ear to the mastoid air cells, where the inflammation causes damage to the bony structures . " Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, " and " Moraxella catarrhalis " are the most common organisms recovered in acute mastoiditis.
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"Moraxella " is named after Victor Morax, a Swiss ophthalmologist who first described this genus of bacteria . " Catarrhalis " is derived from catarrh, from the Greek meaning " to flow down " ( " cata-" implies down; "-rrh " implies flow ), describing the profuse discharge from eyes and nose typically associated with severe inflammation in colds.
