Leading American scholars and practitioners of Islam said Sunday that Osama bin Laden had twisted and debased Muslim theology in a videotaped statement in which he called on " every Muslim " to " rush to make his religion victorious " by emulating those who attacked the United States on Sept . 11.
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*"'comment "'- Christian theology of course describes itself as a continuation of the religion of the Old Testament, just as Muslim theology ( see eg " Messiah # Islam " ) describes itself as a continuation of both Judaism and Gospel of the Messiah, Jesus, in turn.
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His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics, notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ), in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : " la�cit?", Republican principles and the law.
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Griffel ( 2011 ) in his review describes the book as " war literature ", and " a Catholic refutation of Ash'arite Muslim theology ", complaining that Reilly constructs an undue equation between Ash'arism and contemporary Jihadism, while most Jihadists in fact follow Salafism and are hostile towards Ash'arism.
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On Tuesday, Mufti Nizamuddin Shamzai, the leader of the Deobandi, an influential Pakistan-based school of fundamentalist Muslim theology, issued a fatwa, or binding decree, instructing his followers that the Pakistani government's cooperation with " non-believers " like the United States was inconsistent with Islam and must be opposed.
