The mechanist Pierre Gassendi discussed " minima naturalia " in the course of expounding his opposition to Scholastic Aristotelianism, and his own attempted reconciliation between the atomism of Epicurus and the Geber and Daniel Sennert, who in turn influenced the corpuscularian alchemist Robert Boyle, one of the founders of modern chemistry.
32.
These works were inquiries in physics, human and animal nature, psychology, astronomy, and meteorology ( " Physica, De caelo, De anima, De generatione et corruptione, Meteorologica ", and the so-called " Parva naturalia " ( minor tracts on physical phenomena ) ).
33.
This population has been the target of several conservation efforts, most notably the creation of the Northern Jaguar Reserve, a private wildlife sanctuary first established in 2003 by Naturalia, a Mexican non-profit conservation organization and Northern Jaguar Project and since expanded from its original 4, 000 hectares to 24, 400 hectares in 2015.
34.
The chamber is divided into four different themes . " ARTIFICIALA " & mdash; wondrous legerdemains & mdash; contains sumptuous bronze and painting but also midget carving of plum stones . " NATURALIA " & mdash; the wonder of nature & mdash; gets shown stuffed animals, extraordinary horns, mussels and minerals.
35.
Speculation on " minima naturalia " in late Antiquity, in the Islamic world, and by Scholastic and Renaissance thinkers in Europe provided a conceptual bridge between the atomism of ancient Greece and the mechanistic philosophy of early modern thinkers like Descartes, which in turn provided a background for the rigorously mathematical and experimental atomism of modern science.
36.
When building was completed in 1605, the collection was moved to the dedicated " Kunstkammer " . " Naturalia " ( minerals and gemstones ) were arranged in a 37 cabinet display that had three vaulted chambers in front, each about 5.5 metres wide by 3 metres high and 60 metres long, connected to a main chamber 33 metres long.
37.
Writes that " In different ways the philosophers of medieval Latin and Arabic tradition, from Al-Farabi to Avicenna, Averro�s, Thomas, found in the " De Anima " and the " Parva Naturalia " the scattered elements of a coherent doctrine of the " central " faculty of the sensuous soul . " It was " one of the most successful and resilient of Aristotelian notions ."
38.
Although the atomism of Epicurus had fallen out of favor in the centuries of Scholasticism, a related Aristotelian concept, that of " minima naturalia " ( natural minima ) received extensive consideration . " Minima naturalia " were theorized by Aristotle as the smallest parts into which a homogeneous natural substance ( e . g ., flesh, bone, or wood ) could be divided and still retain its essential character.
39.
Although the atomism of Epicurus had fallen out of favor in the centuries of Scholasticism, a related Aristotelian concept, that of " minima naturalia " ( natural minima ) received extensive consideration . " Minima naturalia " were theorized by Aristotle as the smallest parts into which a homogeneous natural substance ( e . g ., flesh, bone, or wood ) could be divided and still retain its essential character.
40.
This is suggestive of modern chemistry, in which, e . g ., a bar of gold can be continually divided until one has a single atom of gold, but further division yields only subatomic particles ( electrons, quarks, etc . ) which are no longer " gold . " However, the parallel is not exact : " minima naturalia " are not a direct anticipation of modern chemical and physical concepts.
