Its causes were fundamentally economic and military : 30 years of unprecedented growth in production and public investment under the American nuclear umbrella.
32.
Charles de Gaulle developed France's nuclear arsenal as a Cold War deterrent and a symbol of French independence from the American nuclear umbrella.
33.
After remaining neutral in World War II, Ireland received the protection of the U . S . nuclear umbrella during the Cold War.
34.
Without naming names, de Charette accused France's partners of taking shelter under the French nuclear umbrella while criticizing France for testing its warheads.
35.
But the text of the speech did not suggest that Japan withdraw from the American nuclear umbrella, something Hiraoka called for earlier this month.
36.
Unlike Japan, which enjoys the protection of the U . S . nuclear umbrella, China lives under threat from other nuclear powers, Sha said.
37.
Any amount of protective assurances from big powers could not convince Pakistan of the efficacy of a nuclear umbrella, if it were at all possible.
38.
They accused Japan of taking a free ride under the American nuclear umbrella to enrich themselves, while at the same time destroying the American economy.
39.
At the same time, however, it said these countries would enjoy all the benefits of NATO membership, including a spot under the Western nuclear umbrella.
40.
In three hours of fierce debate, the lawmakers also scorned France's offer to extend its " nuclear umbrella " to Germany and other European nations.
