True caverniculous species are found not only among insects but also in diverse other groups like planarians, Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, leeches, Mollusca, fish, many Crustacea ( such as Isopoda, Amphipoda, Syncardida, Decapoda, and Copepoda ), predatory Chilopoda, mites, blattids, Trichoptera and Diptera.
32.
Except for members of the order Taeniidae, the first intermediate host is an arthropod, and except for in the case of " Archigetes spp . " ( which can attain sexual maturity in freshwater oligochaeta ), the second host is usually a fish, but can be another invertebrate or vertebrate.
33.
The gems of the sandy habitat are milfoil ( " Achillea tenuifolia " ), spurge, Kochia prostrata, Noaea mucronata, Weed, ( " Euphorbia marschalliana Boiss " ), " Astragalus paradoxux Bunge, Ziziphora tenuior, Ceratocarpus arenarius ", " Oligochaeta divaricata " and numerous other psammophyte species.
