Although a low plasma oncotic pressure is widely cited for the edema of nephrotic syndrome, most physicians note that the edema may occur before there is any significant protein in the urine ( proteinuria ) or fall in plasma protein level.
32.
Pulmonary capillary pressures in this level cause an imbalance between the hydrostatic pressure and the oncotic pressure, leading to extravasation of fluid from the vascular tree and pooling of fluid in the lungs ( congestive heart failure causing pulmonary edema ).
33.
Changes in the variables in Starling's equation can contribute to the formation of edemas either by an increase in hydrostatic pressure within the blood vessel, a decrease in the oncotic pressure within the blood vessel or an increase in vessel wall permeability.
34.
Measuring LDH in fluid aspirated from a pleural effusion ( or pericardial effusion ) can help in the distinction between exudates ( actively secreted fluid, e . g . due to inflammation ) or transudates ( passively secreted fluid, due to a high hydrostatic pressure or a low oncotic pressure ).
