Acoustic and optical methods for locating hostile artillery go back to World War I . While these methods were replaced with radar for modern counter-battery fire, there is a resurgence of interest in acoustic gunfire locators against snipers and urban terrorists.
32.
In the video art film " Video Structures " ( 1978-1980 ) Schwartz demonstrated the dismantling of the geometric illusion using optical methods, that is, marking an illusory form in space and then dismantling this illusion when the human body is interposed.
33.
In particular, the use of optical methods has been playing a role in the field of ceramics and have been used to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion of bodies and glazes in order to ensure an optimal match of their thermomechanical behaviour.
34.
Means of analyzing the reaction include using a probe that enters into the reactor; or more accurately, sometimes one can utilize non-intrusive optical methods ( e . g . use spectrometer to identify and analyze contents ) to study reactions in the reactor.
35.
"As industry no longer provides its own basic research and government funding gets cut back, this kind of center becomes more and more important, " said Bennett Goldberg, an assistant professor of physics who is developing optical methods of monitoring heat dissipation in tightly packed integrated circuits.
36.
The term photoacoustic is also widely used, and it denotes the generation of acoustic energy by light . " Photoecho " and " photoacoustic " are to optoacoustics what photon is to optics : optical methods rely on photons, whereas optoacoustic methods rely on photoechoes or photoacoustic responses.
37.
The enantiomorphs are designated right or left handed, according to whether they rotate the plane of polarised light to the right or to the left . Sometimes it is clear from the outward form of the crystal whether it is right or left handed, and sometimes optical methods are needed to determine this.
38.
He also received the degree Sc . D . at the celebration of the Tercentenary of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1892, and the Davy Medal from the Royal Society in 1897 " for his numerous contributions to chemical science, and especially for his important work in the application of optical methods to chemistry ".
39.
Recent results using non labeled optical methods such as Dual Polarisation Interferometry which measure the birefringence ( or order ) within lipid bilayers have been used to show how peptide and protein interactions can influence bilayer order, specifically demonstrating the real time association to bilayer and critical peptide concentration after which the peptides penetrate and disrupt the bilayer order.
