Thus Bell bore down on hollow optical waveguides, a technology that looks downright silly is retrospect ( the light pipes apparently would have had to have been absolutely straight ) as Kao began to explore glass transmission.
32.
"' Guided-mode resonance "'or "'waveguide-mode resonance "'is a phenomenon wherein the guided modes of an optical waveguide can be excited and simultaneously extracted by the introduction of a phase-matching element, such as a diffraction grating or prism.
33.
Optical waveguides can be classified according to their geometry ( planar, strip, or fiber waveguides ), mode structure ( multi-mode ), refractive index distribution ( step or gradient index ) and material ( glass, polymer, semiconductor ).
34.
This is relevant for on-chip optical communication ( i . e . passing information from one part of a microchip to another by sending light through optical waveguides, instead of changing the voltage on a wire ).
35.
Guided lightwave transmission involves the field of fiber optics and the ability of certain glasses to transmit, simultaneously and with low loss of intensity, a range of frequencies ( multi-mode optical waveguides ) with little interference between them.
36.
It offers very strong benefits compared with FDTD, FEM and the beam propagation method for the modelling of optical waveguides, and it is a popular tool for the modelling linear effects in fiber optics and silicon photonics devices.
37.
More recently, Raman lasing has been demonstrated in silicon-based integrated-optical waveguides by Bahram Jalali's group at the University of California in Los Angeles in 2004 ( pulsed operation ) and by Intel in 2005 ( continuous-wave ), respectively.
38.
He has been concerned with the design of ultracompact high power waveguide lasers, exploiting concurrent research in RF discharge physics and planar optical waveguides to develop new laser concepts based on 2-D laser power scaling and novel laser resonators.
39.
The entire epitaxial structure consists of several cascade stages that are sandwiched between two separate confinement layers ( SCLs ), with other materials enclosing the SCLs to provide optical waveguide so that the cascade stages amplify guided optical modes.
40.
Due to this, lead bismuthate can be used in spectral devices, such as optical switches and photoionic devices, detection systems based on sensitivity to infrared ( IR ) and heat radiation, laser materials, optical waveguides, and crystal free fiber drawings.
