Deaf West's production incorporated 19th-century-appropriate aspects of oralism in deaf education to complement the themes of miscommunication, lack of proper sex education, and denial of voice.
32.
Leaders of the manualist movement, including Edward M . Gallaudet, argued against the teaching of oralism because it restricted the ability of deaf students to communicate in what was considered their native language.
33.
Oralism was the main philosophy in Deaf education until 1965 when the linguist William Stokoe argued that ASL should be regarded as a full language with all of the expressive power of any oral language.
34.
Oralism came into popular use in the United States around the late 1860s, with the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts being the first school to start teaching in this manner, in 1867.
35.
The first schools for oralism opened in the 1860s were called The New York Institution for the Improved Instruction of Deaf Mutes and The Clarke Institution for Deaf-Mutes ( now the Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech ).
36.
"' Oralism "'is the education of deaf students through oral language by using lip reading, speech, and mimicking the mouth shapes and breathing patterns of speech instead of using sign language within the classroom.
37.
They secured this outcome by carefully selecting who was invited, inviting the delegates to see the oralist success in a local school, and by encouraging negative reactions to those giving speeches supporting sign language and cheering those supporting oralism.
38.
Opponents of signing believed that oralism, as the teaching method was known, offered students their best chance at becoming part of the hearing world, and in the early days of the movement, those who were caught signing were punished.
39.
In a residential school where all the children use the same communication system ( whether it is a school using ASL, Total Communication or Oralism ), students will be able to interact normally with other students, without having to worry about being criticized.
40.
Total communication is a mixture of oralism and manualism, and incorporates the use of the individual s specific vocabulary, sign language, fingerspelling, speech and lip reading, manually coded language and other forms of communication to teach at an individual level for students.
