For example, in internal conversion decay, the energy from an excited nucleus may eject one of the inner orbital electrons from the atom, in a process which produces high speed electrons, but is not beta decay, and ( unlike beta decay ) does not transmute one element to another.
32.
Spherical harmonics are important in many theoretical and practical applications, e . g ., the representation of multipole electrostatic and electromagnetic fields, computation of atomic orbital electron configurations, representation of gravitational fields, geoids, and the magnetic fields of precomputed radiance transfer, etc . ) and modelling of 3D shapes.
33.
Hence, it is not the electromagnetic repulsion between outer-shell orbital electrons which prevents two wood blocks that are left on top of each other from coalescing into a single piece, but rather it is the exclusion principle applied to electrons and protons that generates the classical macroscopic normal force.
34.
The discrepancy between the S O bond length in the sulfate ion and the S OH bond length in sulfuric acid is explained by donation of p-orbital electrons from the terminal S = O bonds in sulfuric acid into the antibonding S OH orbitals, weakening them resulting in the longer bond length of the latter.
