Bracton, being both a lawyer and a cleric wrote of the Pope " in spiritualibus super omnibus habet ordinariam jurisdictionem " ( In spiritual things he has an ordinary jurisdiction over all men in his realm . ) Not only was the Pope a law giver, but he was also a judge, and in his Curia, could enforce his decrees.
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Within the Roman Catholic Church, Ultramontanism achieved victory over conciliarism at the First Vatican Council, convened by Pope Pius IX in 1870, with the pronouncement of papal infallibility ( the ability of the pope to define dogmas free from error ex cathedra ) and of papal supremacy, i . e ., supreme, full, immediate, and universal ordinary jurisdiction of the Pope.
